The energy landscape in South-East Europe (SEE) is undergoing significant transformation as wind power regains prominence amid increasing demands for system flexibility. While solar energy has been a driving force behind structural changes, wind generation is emerging as a vital component for ensuring a balanced and resilient energy mix across the region.
Currently, wind power constitutes approximately 9% of the total electricity generation in SEE. Its role is particularly crucial during periods of low solar output, such as evenings and winter months. However, the sector faces challenges related to short-term variability; for instance, wind generation saw a decline of –1,494 MW in early April, underscoring the inherent intermittency issues that impact dispatch strategies.
Recent developments indicate an increased focus on expanding wind capacity throughout the region. In Bulgaria, Vestas has secured a contract to provide turbines for a 70 MW wind project, marking the country’s commitment to becoming a renewable energy hub within SEE. This initiative aligns with broader efforts aimed at diversifying energy sources and reducing reliance on imported fuels amid fluctuating gas prices.
Croatia is also advancing its renewable agenda with the construction of the 80 MW Čemernica wind farm. This project benefits from government-backed financing and adheres to EU decarbonization policies, reflecting a growing trend toward mid-scale wind developments that complement ongoing solar expansions.
In Serbia, the wind sector is progressing with projects like the Uljma 2 wind farm, which is currently in the planning phase. Wind already accounts for about 7.5% of Serbia’s national electricity generation, with steady capacity growth over recent years. The Vojvodina region’s favorable wind conditions and proximity to transmission infrastructure make it an attractive area for future investments.
North Macedonia’s Stip wind project is currently undergoing public consultation, signaling ongoing interest in integrating wind as a complementary renewable resource. Meanwhile, Turkey continues to bolster its position as a key player in the region by commissioning new projects like the 70 MW Karaman wind farm.
The situation in Montenegro illustrates how strategically integrated wind assets can enhance energy exports and reduce dependence on coal. The existing 72 MW Krnovo, 46 MW Možura, and newly launched 54 MW Gvozd wind farms are already contributing to export capabilities. Ongoing discussions about joint ventures involving solar, wind, and storage highlight an integrated approach aimed at maximizing export potential through connections with Italy.
A critical observation across SEE is that rather than competing with solar energy, wind power serves as a complementary resource. While solar provides substantial output during daylight hours, wind generation plays an essential role during off-peak times and low sunlight conditions—this synergy helps mitigate reliance on fossil-fuel-based balancing mechanisms.
However, both solar and wind developments face significant structural constraints related to grid capacity and connection availability. Many transmission systems are nearing saturation levels, which restricts new projects from securing necessary grid access. Consequently, there is an increasing emphasis on hybrid projects that combine solar, wind, and storage solutions to optimize grid utilization.
The dynamics of market pricing further underscore the significance of integrating wind power into broader energy strategies. As midday solar generation suppresses prices, the value of nighttime and evening wind generation rises—this trend holds particular importance for markets focused on exports where timing can significantly impact pricing structures.
Looking ahead, future phases of wind development in South-East Europe are expected to feature fewer but more sophisticated projects that leverage advanced forecasting techniques and storage solutions while optimizing grid connections. As the region transitions towards a renewable-centric system, maintaining reliability through diversified resources will be paramount for sustaining growth without compromising system integrity or export capabilities.
